Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!

Tag: Ellen Wohl


Die two months ago and not forgotten yet? Then there’s hope a great man’s memory may outlive his life half a year.

Hamlet

We all want to leave a legacy.

We hope our children grow into successful adults that carry on the family name and tradition. We hope our business survives or grows into something even better after we’re gone. We hope the money we leave to our grandchildren gets them through college or give them a great start in life. We hope the organs we donate go to future nobel prize winners and first responders and not to budding serial killers.

That is, we want our impact to last as long as that of beavers.

Study shows beaver engineering has lasting environmental impacts

A recent study conducted in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) by two researchers from Colorado State University found that the engineering effects of beavers on an ecosystem can persist for decades after they no longer inhabit the area.

The study, which was published in the Wiley Online Library, was completed by researchers Dr. Ellen Wohl and graduate student DeAnna Laurel. Wohl said she got the idea to pursue this research while she was investigating other aspects of stream systems in RMNP.

“I began to notice more and more abandoned, inactive beavers dams,” Wohl said. “It became clear that beavers historically had high population densities and large numbers of dams along every stream on both the eastern and western slope of the park, so I became interested in where the beavers were historically, where they are now, and the effects of beaver modifications of channels and floodplains.”

Think about that for a moment. Beavers are so dam important that Dr. Wohl needed a graduate student to study where they USED TO BE. Who’s going to study where you used to be?

According to the study, beavers engage in three activities that influence the environment: building dams, altering the vegetation landscape with their diet and digging narrow canals to facilitate their movements.

The study looked at seven beaver meadows on the eastern side of RMNP, all of which had differing levels of beaver activity. Wohl and Laurel then divided these sites into four categories: active, partially active, recently abandoned (less than 20 years) and long-abandoned (greater than 30 years).

During the summers of 2015 and 2016, the two researches conducted their field work at these locations, which consisted of GPS surveying, measuring sediment depth using rebar and testing organic carbon concentration levels in the soil samples that they collected. This data was used to quantify past and present beaver activity in the area.

Got that? They were testing the soil for carbon concentration where they once dammed. Because if you’re going to make a difference at all, it may as well last.

But Wohl and Laurel overcame, and they ultimately found that soil moisture only differs significantly between active and long-abandoned meadows, which they say suggests a non-linear decrease after beavers abandon a meadow. They also found that organic carbon stocks can be maintained by large-scale geologic controls long after beavers abandon a meadow, a finding that resulted from the team learning that soil depth and carbon stock do not differ consistently in relation to category of beaver meadow.

Time to get ready for the shocking conclusion. Are you sitting down?

Based on these findings, the two researchers concluded that “the effects of beaver ecosystem engineering can persist for nearly three decades after the animals largely abandon a river corridor.”

Of course that makes sense. It makes you realize just how big and long-lasting an impact the fur trade must have had on our nation. Like an evil present that is constantly unwrapping itself 30 years later.

I would like to leave the kind of legacy where people are still finding my snarky comments and graphics online in thirty years. Maybe children downloading them for a book report or a mention on the Martinez Beavers wikipedia that survives the next generation of edits. I want to be remembered for sharing photos like this:

We all ride on the tails of greatness.


Writing about beaver struggles every day can feel a bit like the myth of sisyphus. The Gods were unhappy about something he did and punished him in the afterlife with a hopeless task of pushing a giant stone up an impossible hill. By sheer effort and exhaustion he would nearly achieve his task every grueling day – only to have it slip back down to the beginning of the slope each night so he would have to start all over again in the morning.

That’s can seem like the beaver story sometimes.

But lately, with all the good Ben reporting and saturation of stories finally making a difference to the beaver dry terrain, it can feel more like a snowball. Something you work to gather and shape, but then with just a light toss starts speeding downhill getting bigger and faster with every inch. Until you are entirely caught off guard by how things look at the bottom.

Allow me to demonstrate with two pieces of good news. I have a feeling we’ll be talking about the second one a LOT over the next few weeks, but the first one deserves our full attention right this minute.

It comes from a writer named Stacy Passmore in Denver Colorado. Here’s how it starts.

Landscape with Beavers

In the American West, beavers are gaining a reputation as environmental engineers who can help restore water systems — and challenge their human neighbors to think differently about land use.

I was beginning a road trip through the Mountain West, studying the return of the North American beaver, which has lately gained something of a cult reputation as an environmental engineer. 2 I had heard stories about humans and beavers working together to restore wetlands and river systems, and I wanted to see for myself. That might sound weird — working together — but as a landscape designer you have to be open to unusual collaborations. 3 If farmers and ranchers were turning into “beaver believers,” I could respect that.

I know what you’re thinking. No WAY that a landscape designer is writing an entire article about beavers, but YES WAY! is the answer, She zooms across the west talking to scientists, landowners and engineers and advocating for flow devices and you really need to go read the entire thing for yourself because it’s that good.

Stacy Passmore

[Glynnis} Hood helped me see that restoring beaver habitat is not just an ecological challenge but a social one. When beavers modify the environment through their constructions, the effects are felt downstream, outside wetlands and other conservation areas. 15 How are water rights affected by a beaver dam? How is risk managed? These are social and political questions. In fact, when the Scottish government started a beaver reintroduction program, it hired sociologists to work alongside ecologists. 16 People complain that beavers are destructive, they’re unpredictable, they cause flooding. These things are all true. Living with such a willful species requires careful negotiation. Humans have to recognize the ecological benefits beavers bring, and be willing to give up some control.

After spending some time at remote restoration sites, it’s not hard to imagine that such proposals will eventually move from the pages of design magazines to the realm of built projects — or anti-projects. Can we imagine tearing down walls and fences to live more collaboratively with other species, to let them be active landscape agents? Can we accept their measures of success, which differ from ours? Will we be able to predict and anticipate their activities, or be comfortable not doing so? How will we deal with uncertainty and destruction? Would I allow beavers to live in my own backyard?

Short answer? YES.

Any city smarter than a beaver can keep living with a beaver, as a very hardy woman once observed. This article is a feast for the eyes and an introduction to some unsung players that we rarely hear from. There was some discussion on the beaver management  facebook group yesterday about the flow device schematic she added to the article which Mike Callahan thought wouldn’t work, so I wrote Stacy and got her in touch with Mike to tweak it.

The only solutions beavers need are the one that work. Right?

Anyway, I was still glowing from this discovered article when I received in the main the signed EARLY COPY of Ellen Wohl’s new book about beavers and immediately shot over the moon. It’s called “Saving the Dammed” and is 100% about the benefits of beaver modified ecosystems. I am not exaggerating. It’s published by Oxford University Press and on sale at next week.

It begins with an excellent and scientific look at how beavers impact hydrology and what losing them meant to this nation. She fittingly calls this overview “THE GREAT DRYING“.

The entire book is focused around observations of a beaver meadow complex in Colorado, Month by month she analyzes what she observes in a beaver rich  terrain AND in beaver absent terrain. Making inferences about what it meant to the larger landscape when we suddenly and tragically lost beaver.

She fittingly says that Blake wrote once that he could observe “The world in a Grain of Sand” and she just wants to see all of American history in some beaver meadows -which, when you put it that way, seems a fair trade. Each chapter follows her beaver focused observations month by month. I’m on January.

Yesterday I think I graduated from Hades to the Elysian Fields.

To see a World in a Grain of Sand
And a Heaven in a Wild Flower 
Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand 
And Eternity in an hour

Back on my very own computer and my very own wifi, I may never stop talking at all this morning. Certainly there’s very good news on the beaver front. This week I found out that we received three of the four grant applications i made. The fourth we are still waiting on. The CCC board of supervisors met this week and decided to award our fish and wildlife grant for the treasure hunt at the festival, and the Martinez community  foundation is once again funding our art project. Fingers crossed we will hear good news from the city soon which, adding the grant from Kiwanis, will bring us to a full three thousand for the festival and with proceeds from the silent auction should allow us to break even for the event.

There’s some scattered good news from other states as well, including this report from Colorado.

Boulder County, city of Boulder analyzing best streams for beaver restoration as ecological health boost

Researchers over the past two years have been looking for the best spots to potentially reintroduce beavers into streams on Boulder County and city of Boulder public open spaces.

The county and municipal open space programs spent $10,000 apiece to fund a study led by Colorado State University researchers Ellen Wohl and Julianne Scamardo to help identify stretches of streams most able to successfully host beaver, if one or a family were to be placed in the given area.

“We awarded (the funding) to them because of our interest in beaver restoration and ecological restoration using beaver,” Boulder County Parks and Open Space Biologist Mac Kobza said, noting habitat for other animals and whole riparian ecosystems can be enhanced by the ponds resulting from beaver damming.

“Where beaver go in they tend to increase the biodiversity. Native species benefit from that, from trout, to native insects that live in the water to other native species,” he said.

Not only is Boulder investing money in reintroducing beavers to study, they’re even considering city open space locations! Be still my heart! Dr. Wohl is a powerful beaver force that often gets overlooked in the summation of how we know beavers matter. Her research has made much of the conversation were having today.

Yet, water storage across this thirsty state could actually be improved by the beaver’s tree-felling and damming habits, authors of a Colorado Sierra Club report argue, citing studies suggesting as much.

“Potentially the easiest, cheapest way to accomplish this end is to allow nature to regenerate where practicable to its previous state with the mighty ecosystem engineer, the American beaver, breaking the trail,” the Sierra Club writers stated.

What an awesome start to a study. I can’t wait to read all about it. Apparently Julianne Scarmado has the oral defense of her dissertation on monday, I for one can’t wait to read all about it. Good luck!

Speaking of Colorado and great minds, guess who finished her Ph.D. from CSU Boulder landed an excellent job as Assistant Professor in Environmental Resource Management at California State Channel Islands! I guess her explanatory stop motion video was a big success because this is that state where she wanted to end up.

So of course Dr. Emily Fairfax celebrated in the usual way.

California is lucky to have you in our state, yet another brilliant beaver researcher added to our ranks, I eagerly await great things.

One final bit of wonder I’ve been saving to share with you comes from Helen McCaulley, the seasonal ecologist from Scotland who patiently filmed this classic moment watching the Tay beavers. Make sure you watch until the end so you can see the pond maker reminding the otter just whose neighborhood he’s in.


Last evening I was settling down with a new episode of Handmaid’s tale and had to stop in my tracks because a beaver alert hit my inbox. And OOHHH what a beaver alert! Get ready for a very nearly PERFECT report on beaver benefits from the public radio station in Colorado. I’m starting to realize that once the book is published there’s going to be a lot of this. Beaver message saturation in more ways than one.

Short On Water In The Mountains? Beavers, To The Rescue

 

Honestly, except for the obligatory throwing beavers from planes reference this is the PERFECT report. Wonderful to hear from Ellen and Ben and see new grad student research on the horizon.

And a beaver CANDIDATE? Be still my heart!

Go listen if you haven’t already. 5 minutes of your life that will affirm, thrill and educate you.  Send it to three friends that need convincing. And then leave a comment telling Luke Runyon what a great job he did.

Short On Water In The Mountains? Beavers, To The Rescue

 


Engineers say that Benny’s amazing
Building dams of incredible strength
And his front teeth are worthy of praising
Growing to an incredible length

Sung to “Red River Valley

If you’ll remember way back  to 2015 (when we all still had health care and social security), you might recall that Oregon State did a crowd funding to raise funds for sequencing a beaver genome. In January. Canada bragged that it was doing one for its 150th anniversary, but when I sent the top researcher news of this, she replied to me, too late! We already did!

Beavers fill big genes, and OSU wins bragging rights

The North American beaver, Oregon State University’s mascot animal, has 26,200 genes in its genetic code — about 33 percent more inheritable information than humans have, OSU researchers say.

The scientists know this because a fall 2015 crowd-­funding drive brought in a total of $20,001 from 103 donors that OSU used to pay for a gene sequencing study on the beaver.

The project took a blood sample from Filbert, a 5-year-old North American beaver that lives at the Portland Zoo, as a proxy for Benny the Beaver, the human-stuffed mascot that represents the university at football games and other events.

About 60 percent of beaver genes correspond with like human genes, OSU’s Pankaj Jaiswal said in a news release.

genomeSo in the age old argument about beaver nature versus beaver nurture can finally be laid to rest. The answer to the question “How much of dam building is learned and how much is instinctive?” is about ‘a third more than humans’.   Which is about what I’d suspect after watching different beavers tackle the job for the past decade.

Some dam-makers are better than others, and all improve with practice. This fits with what we saw over the years. I’m glad they were able to complete the sequencing, although I still don’t know why beavers seem more human the other animals do or what gene is responsible for making humans so intolerant of them.

I comforted myself yesterday with some Bach combined with a favorite Ellen Wohl quote. It’s short and amazing music so please enjoy!

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