Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!

Category: Beaver ecological impact


Sure the NYT does a great article on beavers that people will be sending to me for years but the SF gate could not be outdone so the published an article the same day by their friendly intern. Of course it had a photo of an otter originally but the pulled that eventually. Beaver. Otter. What’s the diff?

Why this underappreciated rodent is one of California’s best chances to fight climate change

They’re stocky, furry and usually a bit damp, and they’ve been underappreciated for decades. But not anymore. Meet one of California’s best climate-change fighting tools: the beaver.

Lauded as some of nature’s most effective engineers, a motivated group of beavers can divert rivers and streams with their dams of sticks and mud and, in doing so, keep the land they occupy moist, helping fight the ongoing drought. That moisture can also play a key role in slowing the state’s virulent wildfire season — flames can’t burn wet sticks. Smokey Bear? Think Smokey Beaver instead.

This year, the state has begun harnessing the beaver’s potential, pumping over a million dollars into restoring these industrious rodents in each of the next two years.

“This new beaver restoration program is not just figuratively but literally a watershed moment for Californians to recognize beaver as a climate change and nature-based solution partner,” said Brock Dolman, co-director of the Water Institute at the Occidental Arts and Ecology Center in Sonoma.

Dolman and Water Institute Co-Director Kate Lundquist have been a part of what they call the “beaver believer” community for decades, advocating for beaver restoration in the state. The money — which amounts to $1.67 million in the 2022-23 fiscal year and $1.44 million in the 2023-24 fiscal year — will fund jobs for five new environmental scientists who will work with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife to revise outdated beaver policies and prioritize beaver restoration projects.

So how exactly does this group of rodents help solve some of California’s drought and wildfire problems? It all starts at home.

Beavers live in dams they construct from tree branches and mud surrounded by water, which create a hard barrier that’s difficult for predators to penetrate. They have underwater entrances to these lodges, which are usually home to two monogamous adult beavers and their offspring. These barriers aren’t just homes. The blockade spreads water from small streams into vast wetland areas.

Oh and just between us girls, BEAVERS DON’T LIVE IN DAMS.

These wetland areas allow water to slowly seep into the soil so when droughts happen, enough water is stored in the ground to keep areas green, explained Emily Fairfax, assistant professor of environmental science and resource management at California State University Channel Islands. They help support all kinds of wildlife from salmon and trout to lush plant life.

The rodents are also constantly chewing vegetation to create their lodges, keeping greenery “a little bit less old, less stagnant, and shorter,” Fairfax said. Taken together, the beavers are essentially building firebreaks before a fire ignites: “It’s wetland and wet plants and not a bunch of big old trees. And that’s hard to burn,” she said.

Well okay, if you’re going to talk nice about beavers I can forgive the otter. Just as long as there isn’t another egregious outburst  that I can’t ignore any time soon. I know the gate would rather eat it’s own arm off than say nice things about beavers so this is something, right?

Beavers are native to many parts of Northern California, including the Bay Area, but not everyone recognizes their ecological value. Once prized for their meat and furs, they were nearly hunted to extinction by European colonizers from the late 1700s to the mid 1800s, according to Lundquist and Dolman’s research. By the early 1900s, there were just 1,000 estimated beavers left in California, they said

A reprieve for the beavers came in 1911, when the California Division of Fish and Game, now the Department of Fish and Wildlife, passed laws protecting remaining beavers from being hunted. But, it was only temporary, and the law was revised to allow landowners to kill “nuisance” beavers. Their dams, while impressive, often cause damage to farmland and can pose a flood risk.

Depredation is still a threat to California beavers today. Before landowners can kill beavers, they must apply for a permit through the Department of Fish and Wildlife. The department issued 148 of these permits in 2021. Just because a permit was issued doesn’t mean it was used to kill a beaver, though. Alternatives can be limited. Relocating beavers is illegal in California, according to Chad Dibble, deputy director of the Department of Fish and Wildlife.

In 2007, the city of Martinez nearly exterminated its beavers after its dams were reported to create a flooding hazard. Because the beavers could not legally be moved, killing them appeared to be the only option. Public outcry was so great that the beavers were ultimately allowed to stay.

Don’t you even. Hey did Rick Lanman have something to do with that research? I forget. And oh year MARTINEZ KEPT BEAVERS BY INSTALLING A FLOW DEVICE. Jesus Christ on a ritz cracker. To drop us an honorary mention without actually saying the point makes me homicidal. And did she actually glance at those papers? Didn’t she notice that their names weren’t at the top?

“There’s that phrase that a crisis is a terrible thing to waste, and our sense is that a living beaver’s life is a terrible thing to waste,” Dolman said.

It’s hard to say how many beavers inhabit California today, according to Dolman. He explained there currently is no monitoring of beaver populations at the state level. But, they could be doing better.

“We are absolutely hemorrhaging beavers out of the Sacramento River Delta and out of the Sierra Nevada and it should not be that high,” Fairfax said. “Especially if we are also having these really intense fires and droughts in those regions.”

Many in the “beaver believer” community hope the state’s efforts at restoration will create a new age for the animals in the Bay Area and California. The Department of Fish and Wildlife has already spent millions implementing beaver restoration programs, including creating beaver dam analogs that mimic the form and benefits of natural beaver dams, according to Dibble.

But he explained the department is now going to take a “more holistic and proactive approach towards supporting beavers,” including prioritizing beaver restoration projects, fostering better partnerships with local communities, indigenous tribes and landowners and updating and adopting policies for better beaver management throughout the state.

Lundquist added the new program could identify some places for potential pilot relocation projects, taking beavers from where they aren’t wanted and placing them where they’re needed.

Dolman is optimistic the department’s efforts will have a positive impact on beaver populations in California.

“The beaver glass is more than half full with benefits and half empty with problems, and we have affordable legal code and strategies to address all of those problems,” he said.

That’s exactly how I feel about this article. It’s kinda nice that  it got written at all and it says nice things about beavers. But it’s kinds annoying to say that the junior author of the papers did the research, that martinez is a bed time story, that beavers live in the dam and run a photo of an otter.

I guess that’s life in the beaver city.


This was the best possible headline on this hot, hot morning.

WELLS, Nev. — Horace Smith blew up a lot of beaver dams in his life.

A rancher here in northeastern Nevada, he waged war against the animals, frequently with dynamite. Not from meanness or cruelty; it was a struggle over water. Mr. Smith blamed beavers for flooding some parts of his property, Cottonwood Ranch, and drying out others.

But his son Agee, who eventually took over the ranch, is making peace. And he says welcoming beavers to work on the land is one of the best things he’s done.

“They’re very controversial still,” said Mr. Smith, whose father died in 2014. “But it’s getting better. People are starting to wake up.”

As global warming intensifies droughts, floods and wildfires, Mr. Smith has become one of a growing number of ranchers, scientists and other “beaver believers” who see the creatures not only as helpers, but as furry weapons of climate resilience.

Last year, when Nevada suffered one of the worst droughts on record, beaver pools kept his cattle with enough water. When rains came strangely hard and fast, the vast network of dams slowed a torrent of water raging down the mountain, protecting his hay crop. And with the beavers’ help, creeks have widened into wetlands that run through the sagebrush desert, cleaning water, birthing new meadows and creating a buffer against wildfires.

True, beavers can be complicated partners. They’re wild, swimming rodents the size of basset hounds with an obsession for building dams. When conflicts arise, and they probably will, you can’t talk it out.

Ohhhhhh I like this article. Even if it does start out by repeating beaver lies without correcting them. No one blows up beavers homes. What would be the point? They blow up their ‘offices’.

Beavers flood roads, fields, timber forests and other areas that people want dry. They fell trees without a thought as to whether humans would prefer them standing. In response to complaints, the federal government killed almost 25,000 beavers last year.

But beavers also store lots of water for free, which is increasingly crucial in the parched West. And they don’t just help with drought. Their engineering subdues torrential floods from heavy rains or snowmelt by slowing water. It reduces erosion and recharges groundwater. And the wetlands beavers create may have the extra benefit of stashing carbon out of the atmosphere.

In addition to all that, the rodents do environmental double duty, because they also tackle another crisis unleashed by humans: rampant biodiversity loss. Their wetlands are increasingly recognized for creating habitat for myriad species, from salmon to sage grouse.

Beavers, you might say, are having a moment. In Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Wyoming, the Bureau of Land Management is working with partners to build beaver-like dams that they hope real beavers will claim and expand. In California, the new state budget designates about $1.5 million a year to restoring the animals for climate resiliency and biodiversity benefits.

Hohoho. How’s this for a fine article on a Tuesday? Nevada! Colorado? Now what about their ugly stepsister California?

“We need to get beavers back to work,” Wade Crowfoot, California’s secretary of natural resources, said in a webinar this year. “Full employment for beavers.” (Beaver believers like to note that the animals work for free.)

Further east, where water and beavers are more plentiful, the job market isn’t as hot. But there are projects. In Maryland, groups are trying to lure beavers to help clean the water that flows into Chesapeake Bay. In Wisconsin, one study found that beavers could substantially reduce flooding in some of the most vulnerable areas of Milwaukee County.

Instead of killing beavers, the federal government should be embracing them as an important component of federal climate adaptation, according to two scientists who study beavers and hydrology, Chris Jordan of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, and Emily Fairfax of California State University Channel Islands.

“It may seem trite to say that beavers are a key part of a national climate action plan, but the reality is that they are a force of 15-40 million highly skilled environmental engineers,” Dr. Jordan and Dr. Fairfax wrote this year in a perspective article in the research journal WIREs Water.

Dr. Fairfax’s recent research focuses on how beaver complexes interact with wildfires. For now, her findings indicate, they are too wet to burn. But as climate change makes wildfires more intense, she said, that could change.

“We cannot afford to work against them any longer,” she and Dr. Jordan wrote. “We need to work with them.”

Oh my goodness. All my favorite beaver voices gathered in one place. I need to sit down.

Caroline Nash, a river scientist at the consulting firm CK Blueshift LLC who has published research on beaver-related restoration, emphasized that projects should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

“It’s all about identifying those locations where beavers’ survival interests align with humans’ survival interests, and they’re not always aligned,” Dr. Nash said. “And so suggesting that they’re always going to be aligned is creating a recipe, I think, for broken hopes and expectations and a loss of trust.”

Before Europeans arrived in North America, beavers’ engineering helped to shape the landscape and hydrology of the continent from coast to coast. But their fur was popular in Europe for felted hats, and trappers had nearly eradicated them by the late 1800s. As their numbers climbed back, in part because of reintroduction programs beginning a century ago, conflicts came, too. Even in places where beavers are honored as a state animal (New York, Oregon) or a national symbol (Canada) people in low-lying areas did not like their property returning to wetland.

Beavers build dams with logs, sticks, stones and mud to create deeper water, which helps them dodge predators like bears. Their lodges have underwater entrances, and they stockpile food below the surface for winter. Beavers’ front teeth are orange from the iron that strengthens them for gnawing trees.

Perfect. Now if only there were some kind of discussion about how conflicts can be solved. not just moved I’d be in heaven.

When human-beaver conflicts arise, they can be addressed without killing the animals, experts say. Paint and fencing can protect trees from gnawing. Systems like the Beaver Deceiver secretly undo their handiwork with pipes that drain water from beaver settlements even when the animals keep building. Such measures are actually a more effective solution than removing the animals, according to advocates, because new beavers tend to move into empty habitat.

If coexistence is impossible, a growing number of groups and private businesses are seeking to relocate, rather than kill, nuisance beavers.

“We put the nuisance in air quotes,” said Molly Alves, a wildlife biologist with the Tulalip Tribes, a federally recognized tribal organization just north of Seattle that moves unwanted beavers to land managed by the United States Forest Service.

The group’s impetus was a desire to expand the extraordinary habitat that beavers offer salmon, a culturally and economically important species. When they started in 2014, the Tulalip Tribes had to invoke their sovereign treaty rights to relocate beavers because doing so was illegal in their area under Washington State law. After a lobbying push, beaver relocation is now legal statewide and the tribes are advising state officials on a program to train others in best practices.

One lesson learned: Keep beaver families together.

“They’re much more likely to stay where we put them if their whole family is there,” Ms. Alves said. “Beavers tend to form really tight-knit familial bonds.”

But in many states, it’s illegal to relocate beavers (and other wildlife), in part because officials worry about people simply moving the problems elsewhere.

And officially sanctioned beaver killing continues. Suzanne Bond, a spokeswoman for the United States Department of Agriculture, which runs the program that kills tens of thousands of beavers each year by trapping, snaring and shooting, said the agency was reviewing the relevant science and was “committed to increasing our capacity to respond to beaver damage and impacts with nonlethal mitigation techniques.”

Okay. Move if you must. But promise me you’ll try to solve the problem first. And maybe educate people about the futility of relocation.

Mr. Smith’s father got so angry at beavers in part because the sides of their dams would fail during the rush of the spring snow melt, sending damaging sediment onto his hayfields. But the younger Mr. Smith decided to try a different approach to cattle management, moving them around his land and letting them spend less time around the creeks. That allowed shrubs and trees to grow in along the banks, making the whole area more stable. Eventually, if the beaver dams did give way, they would do so at the center, and the surge of water would stay in the channel.

Over time, beavers expanded the wetlands. New meadows grew in. Willows sprout from beaver dams, having taken root where the animals anchored them. The water runs clear. Fish and frogs have returned.

“Now the only time we get crossways with beaver is if they start building dams in our irrigation ditches,” Mr. Smith said. “But we’ve learned ways to discourage them from doing that.” Pulling out the dams a couple of times usually does the trick, he added.

Part of what has made the partnership successful is Mr. Smith’s flexibility. For example, beavers have completely rerouted one section of creek. But Mr. Smith doesn’t see the change as good or bad, “just different.” The most important thing, he said, is how much water they’re storing on the land.

Now more than ever, he said, “water is liquid gold.”

Catrin Einhorn reports on biodiversity for the Climate and Environment desk. She has also worked on the Investigations desk, where she was part of the Times team that received the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its reporting on sexual harassment. @catrineinhorn

HUZZAH!!!!!!!!!!!! It isn’t every day you can say you knew every word in a NYTimes article before it was published but this is pretty good! Now let beaver phones everywhere start ringing with job offers. And lets get this party started.

 


Another great letter to the editor from Vermont.

Letter: Why are we killing the one animal that can increase wildlife habitat?

To the editor: “The conservation of the fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the people of Vermont.” That is the official mission statement of the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. There is one animal that greatly facilitates the achievement of this mission: the North American beaver.

Beavers create some of the richest, most biologically productive habitats on earth, comparable to rainforests and coral reefs. For this reason, they are known as a “keystone” species for biodiversity. Yet recreational trapping, licensed by the Fish and Wildlife Department, kills over 1,000 beavers a year, on average, throughout the state. This recreational trapping is directly inimical to the Department’s stated mission, to conserve good wildlife habitat, because without the presence of beavers to maintain dams, they quickly erode and the valuable wetland habitat is lost.

To the editor: “The conservation of the fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the people of Vermont.” That is the official mission statement of the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. There is one animal that greatly facilitates the achievement of this mission: the North American beaver.

Beavers create some of the richest, most biologically productive habitats on earth, comparable to rainforests and coral reefs. For this reason, they are known as a “keystone” species for biodiversity. Yet recreational trapping, licensed by the Fish and Wildlife Department, kills over 1,000 beavers a year, on average, throughout the state. This recreational trapping is directly inimical to the Department’s stated mission, to conserve good wildlife habitat, because without the presence of beavers to maintain dams, they quickly erode and the valuable wetland habitat is lost.

Well sure, if biodiversity and that kind of thing are important to you. Don’t forget to mention storing water, reducing fires and slowing floods too. That seems pretty important.

Moreover, recreational trapping is completely separate from the issue of how to deal with “nuisance” beavers whose dams block culverts, resulting in the flooding of town roads and private driveways. Almost all such conflicts can nowadays be resolved non-lethally, by means of water-flow control devices (WFCDs). Trapping is not a “solution” at all, since new beavers almost always move into the empty conflict site within 1-2 years. Only WFCDs can provide long-term, non-lethal solutions that are in fact far more cost effective than trapping.

From almost any perspective, beavers are far more valuable alive than dead. But a similar argument can be made for almost any other furbearer that is currently trapped. For example, foxes, coyotes, mink, weasels, bobcats, and other predators of mice are our first line of defense against Lyme Disease, which has its second highest incidence right here in Vermont. Moreover, Vermont’s apex predators such as coyotes and bobcats help prevent runaway population growth of herbivore species that can decimate local vegetation cover necessary for sustaining many other species.

Ahh well wfcg! I never heard them referred to that way before. But I agree with your point. In Martinez we installed a WFCD and it solved our problem for TFY.

Ten fricken years!

Wildlife belongs to all Vermonters, which is why it is important that ordinary citizens get involved in issues that impact their welfare. Trapping is one issue where a solid majority of Vermonters — 75 percent — agree that its harmful impacts upon animals —which include domestic as well as wild, since dogs and cats are routinely caught in leghold traps — far outweigh any perceived benefits to humans and therefore should be banned. Contact your local elected officials and ask them to make wildlife protection a priority!

John Aberth

Ahh nicely done. Now I would never weaken a good beaver argument by combining it with an anti=trapping statement, but I have to respect a good point when I see it. Nicely done, John. Beavers deserve lots of chances in Vermont.


Kent Woodruff was the visionary USFS leader behind the ground-breaking Methow Project and really the spark for so many beaver movements across the country. His protege is Alexa Whipple who now directs the beaver project hersel. I was looking forward to hearing this talk from BeaverCon2. Make sure you find time for it too.


This one of those cheery articles that looks deceptively like really good news for beavers but when you look more closely appears slightly ominous. There really aren’t many details about the project, even at the National Parks Website. All they’re specific about is roads, and banks which might mean asphalt and sheetpile. I’m not sure.

I guess it’s nice when National Parks decide to use beavers as window dressing?

Forillon Gets Funding Boost For Beaver Pond Area

Quebec’s Forillon National Park is getting funding to conserve, restore and present its beaver ponds area.

Funded through Parks Canada’s Conservation and Restoration Program, this $4.3-million ($3.3-million USD) project will restore ecological connectivity to the forest and waterways near a former section of Hwy. 132 by 2026.

“Habitats connected by natural corridors are home to a greater variety of plant and animal species,” Parks Canada said in a news release. “Ecological connectivity therefore contributes to the protection of biodiversity, making us more resilient to climate change.”

This project will showcase the importance of the beaver, an “ecosystem engineer that creates wetland habitats for other species, improves water quality, influences forest succession and promotes biodiversity.”

Conserve, restore and present. What in god’s name does that mean in english? I’m assuming when you get 3 and a half million dollars for beaver ponds you do not install 7 flow devices and boardwalks over the waterways.  Restore? Beavers don’t need your help to restore their ponds so I’m assuming that’s not what you mean. Probably there was some erosion in a road by a pond and you’re going to dewater the pond and desilt the bank before you restore the paving? I cannot imagine the beavers will be allowed to stick around while the trucks work. But I’m a very suspicious soul.

The work includes asphalt and guardrail removal and the reforestation of 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) of old road. Waterways and soils will be redeveloped and restored, helping with the movement of animals and dispersal of flora. About 15,000 native trees will be planted.

Three portions of various types of trails will be developed and lead to the Visitor Information and Discovery Centre, beaver ponds and Cap-des-Rosiers creek areas, and La Chute Trail.

“Forillon National Park is a jewel of the Gaspé Peninsula,” Diane Lebouthillier, Minister of National Revenue and Member of Parliament for Gaspésie–Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, said in a news release. “By investing $4.3 million in the park’s biodiversity, the Government of Canada is demonstrating that the conservation of natural environments is at the forefront of efforts to fight climate change and stimulating the tourism industry, a critical sector of the Gaspé Peninsula economy.”

Well getting rid of old roads might be good. Letting wildlife move easier in the park is always a good thing, and fewer roads mean that beaver ponds are less likely to be a problem for them. Maybe this can really be good news for beavers?

At the end of the project, Parks Canada will have restored 133,000 square metres (1.4 million square feet) in surface area and will have connected six streams whose banks will have been rehabilitated, facilitating the passage of fish and amphibians.

Forillon is recognized for its efforts in the fight climate change. It was awarded the 2020 Canadian Parks Council Award of Excellence to an Agency for its Cap-des-Rosiers beach restoration project.

Parks Canada is one of the few national park systems that has a system-wide ecological integrity reporting and monitoring program. It’s based on about 600 science-based measures that support each park’s priorities and guide restoration actions.

Now there is a Le Castor parking lot where you can gather with park rangers to begin a Beavers Turf  tour of the area so I guess there’s a chance in high heaven that this 3.3 million dollars will really benefit beaver habitat in some way. Let’s hope the replanting of native trees includes lots and lots of willow and they’ve already figured out a plan to protect tasty seedlings from curious castors.

Because if NP traps beavers for eating trees that they were given funds to replant in beaver habitat I will be most unhappy.

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