Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!


History has some pretty remarkable stories to tell us And whenever I spend time in my parents Sierra home it seems to leap out at us. I think last time I mentioned learning for the first time about the great flood in California. This time its a few things that I thought you’d appreciate.

Bronze Age beaver fur revealed by coastal erosion in cliffs in Yorkshire

After a walk across a field the path descends to the beach via a gap to an area called Skipsea Withow. For years Skipsea Withow has attracted archaeologists and geologists as more of what was once part of an ancient mere or shallow lake has become exposed by coastal erosion.

Numerous timbers can be seen studded into the cliff face and remarkably 

well-preserved chunks of wood fall out of peat deposits onto the sand, as the sea continues to make inroads.

A dig in 1993 by the Central Archaeological Service revealed ash timbers with gnawmarks which were believed to have been part of a beaver dam, Beavers vanished from Yorkshire in the 16th century, hunted to extinction by the early 1500s for their fur, meat and scent glands.

My my my, If there’s one kind of archeological tale I enjoy reading it’s the kind where folks find paleo beaver dams where they might have never expected, But wait, it gets better.

Three years ago local historian Sheila Cadman made an amazing discovery after taking a walk on the beach – and coming across a football-sized clump of fur sticking out of the cliffs.

‘When I saw the hair I wasn’t sure what animal it was from,” said Sheila, who in 2013 had discovered bones of two Mesolithic (10,000BC to 8,000BC) deer on clay that would have once been the bottom of the lake.

“It could have been anything, a horse, from cattle or a dog. It was very black and very soft.

“The tide was coming in so I just got it out with my hands and put it in a polythene bag and bought it home

“The following day I returned and measured the distance from the base of the peat to where I was able to extract the hair and it was 2ft 6ins. It was obvious that it was ancient.”

She gave some to experts at Hull University and Sheffield University and later learned that it had been analysed and found to be Bronze Age beaver fur – meaning it dated from around 2500BC until 800 BC.

Imagine finding beaver fur from the Bronze Age!!! That’s got to be one to tell the grandchildren about. There really isn’t a photo of the fur or I would show you, but go read the whole article to see how it all fits together.

And on a personal history note, yesterday we came across the memoirs if my paternal grandfather. He was born in Fairfield and grew up in Suisun, the son of an immigrant from the Azores who never learned to read or speak English. He was the 4th of 10 children, imagine that.His father died of the Spanish flu in 1918 at 51. Which is remarkable in itself. But what really got my attention was his accounts of childhood where he said the kids learned to swim in the swimming hole in Suisun by cutting TULES to place under to place under their arms and using them to aid in floating while they dog paddled.

Imagine that! The original water wings!

He graduated from one of the only high schools in the area, so students from far away had to ride horses or buggies to school. There was even a big barn at the school to house them all day. In  his early teens he tried trapping. This is what really got my attention, He had no look with raccoon but did manage to trap a mink somewhere he called the “BEAVER CUT”. (!!!)

What’s a beaver cut? 

There are no footnotes and he is long passed so we cannot ask him. But remember, this is around 1914. I believe during the brief period that the nearly exterminated beaver population was protected in the state. Does cut mean a chewed tree? Possible, but it’s hard to imagine too many trees were in the Suisun marsh. Then or now,  Maybe cut is a typo and he actually meant beaver HUT: We can never know. All we do know is that there were beavers in Suisun in 1914. And that my grandfather trapped a mink.

Whose fur he was able to sell in Chico.


There is just about no bedtime story I like better than someone coming upon a beaver pond and cherishing every single drop of water it reserves, while revealing in the wildlife it harbors. And if that story is set against some surly backdrop of a place that doesn’t love beavers and a strong woman who has pledged to save them no matter what,  well  that’s even better.

Meet Julia Zickefoose.

Sacred Surprise

May 25 was one heck of a day. I got out early because it was going to be hot. I wanted to see what was going on down Dean’s Fork. As I trotted along, I heard the twanging “glunk!” of green frogs. I hadn’t heard that down there for several years, not since someone who shall remain nameless took out the beaver dam with a backhoe and killed the beavers who’d made a watery paradise there. Illegally, I’d add. Trespassing, and acting against the express wishes of the landowner, who wants the beavers left alone. Murdered the beavers, destroyed their home and the homes of countless other aquatic creatures, just because he could get away with it. They weren’t hurting a thing in the world there. 

Cautiously, I moved forward, calling Curtis to me. And I saw…water. Lots of water. THE BEAVERS ARE BACK!!!

This is the fullest I’ve ever seen it, with the most magnificent sweeping curve of a dam. These photos can’t really capture the scale of it. It’s BIG. big big big.
 
Oh how excitedly  I share your excitement. Although I might correct that they’re not so much back as replaced – which means that whoever rented that backhoe the first time should be reminded that getting rid of beavers is a temporary soluion at best, and regarding the fish, wildlife and birds it impacts, a very expensive one.

 

I was so glad to see a pond where there had been an overgrown mudflat, I wept. And my next, immediate thought was, “I have to stop him from killing them again.”
 
It was a drumbeat in myth pond on the e head. How to stop him? 
 
Suffice it to say that I’ve been working on it, through carefully placed conversations with key witnesses, through the best channels I have. Tracking down the involved parties, hearing their stories. I’ve been busy, working with dogged determination and a cruel and insensate devil breathing down my neck.

 

Been there done that as they say! We can help you think of solutions. Given the pandemic it might be hard to get a bunch of kindergartners in beaver tails lined up at the pond on the evening news, but we can be creative. It sounds like you know who ripped it out the last time. It’s time top sit down with him directly and find out what he’s worried about. Given that he used a backhoe on someone else land I’m going to guess he owned one and didn’t rent, so maybe a downstream farmer who was worried about the dam ripping out? Or objected  to his stream being reduced to a trickle? Take a neutral respected party, some old timer who can be in between, keep your voice calm and come armed with solutions, Flow device, dam reinforcement, tree wrapping. Whatever is needed,

And I would say add a little pressure from the outside. An article from the local outdoor columnist. A high school teacher who’s willing to have her students do water sample testing in the fall, A local university who can have a grad student analyze new species in the area. An adopt a beaver campaign where children send photos of beaver drawings to the local council. A trail cam that can document all the changes at the pond.


With the great joy that this beaver pond brings me comes a great responsibility to try my best to keep the furry architects safe. I cannot bear the thought that they’d be shot again and their beautiful creation ruined. This incredible pond! It’s alive with fish and frogs (four species were calling as I made these photos) and turtles and green and great blue herons and belted kingfishers and red-shouldered hawks and wood ducks and who knows what all else.  Later on, dragonflies! And they all lose their beautiful watery home when the dam is ruined and the pond is drained.
ery good. You have officially set of the bat signal for beavers and called in the troops. She was so excited she came back that evening to film the resident builders, Look and listen to this lovely glimpse of the treasures.

[wonderplugin_video iframe=”https://youtu.be/KQR8uSzUTgo” lightbox=0 lightboxsize=1 lightboxwidth=960 lightboxheight=540 autoopen=0 autoopendelay=0 autoclose=0 lightboxtitle=”” lightboxgroup=”” lightboxshownavigation=0 showimage=”” lightboxoptions=”” videowidth=600 videoheight=400 keepaspectratio=1 autoplay=0 loop=0 videocss=”position:relative;display:block;background-color:#000;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;” playbutton=”https://www.martinezbeavers.org/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/wonderplugin-video-embed/engine/playvideo-64-64-0.png”]

Julie apparently is on NPR so I’m guessing she has a head start in all this. Use what you know and learn what you don’t! I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship,

 


Finally a moment to reflect on Ben’s new article about  an end of life beaver story. This one about Brittany in New York. It was published this week in the writers blog “The last word on Nothing.”

Brittany and the Beavers

Since I published a book about beavers two years ago, I’ve heard from dozens, maybe hundreds, of readers with their own beaver experiences to share. This is a wonderful perk of authorhood: When you tell your own story, you attract others. I’ve gotten emails from folks who have hand-fed blackberries to wild beavers, who have seen beavers build dams entirely of rock, who have watched beavers frolic like seals in the Baltic Sea. Just last month I received the unsolicited memoir of a guy who once resuscitated a drowning beaver. Yes, mouth-to-mouth. 

Most writers, I’m sure, get some version of this correspondence. Still, there’s something about beavers — their human-like family structures, their penchant for construction — that seems to foster personal connection. They enter lives in unexpected ways. They channel joy and grief. Today, I want to relate one such saga, courtesy of a woman named Brittany. I’ll warn you that Brittany’s story is about illness and death. It’s also about life and love. And beavers. It’s definitely about beavers.

Every time Ben introduces a story line I start to relax and settle in for a nice long read. He has such a winding and familiar prose style that I couldn’t be more comfortable unless the subject was about beavers. Which of course it is. This time through the eyes of Brittany in Cuba New York.

In adulthood, the siblings drifted apart. Zach stayed at home, cycled in and out of college, worked at a cheese factory. Brittany, a high achiever, moved to West Virginia to teach at a university. Around 2010, though, she, her husband, and their kids returned to Cuba after receiving terrible news. Zach, at age 24, had been diagnosed with glioblastoma, an aggressive, almost invariably fatal brain cancer. Brittany’s brother was going to die.

One day in 2016, Brittany, along with her sister, her niece, and her mom, took Zach on a final field trip. A lifelong animal lover, Zach had a special thing for turtles; he even owned a painted turtle, a female named Gary, that their sister brought back once from Myrtle Beach. (It’s still alive today, in the care of their mother). Zach’s dying wish was to visit Moss Lake, a turtle hotspot. “I can remember trying to get him in the car — it was so tragic but so funny,” said Brittany, who has a gift for smiling through pain. “It’s horrible because he’s dying, he can’t move. But at the same time, we’re all laughing because his gut is hanging out, he’s swearing, there’s a cigarette coming out of his mouth, his catheter is falling out of his pocket.” Alas, the turtles weren’t out, but it was still a lovely afternoon. In a photo Brittany sent me from that day, Zach sits flanked by his family, five backs to the camera, their arms twined around each other’s shoulders, the dark timber across the lake reflected in the water’s silver bowl.

Two weeks later, Zach died. Brittany’s family poured his ashes into Moss Lake — illegally, which Zach would have appreciated. The turtles surfaced and ate them all.

So the lovingly described brother dies, and the family builds a bench or him at the cemetery. And she like to go there to remember him. And the cemetery is in a wetlands which is where we all should be buried..

During one of her vigils soon after Zach died, Brittany spotted a V-shaped wake carving through the swamp. The wake was cast, she realized, by the head of a beaver, the first she’d seen. Brittany, a casual but enthusiastic nature-lover, was thrilled. When she next came to the cemetery, she saw beavers again, and again the time after that. Beavers are ordinarily nocturnal, but this colony was bold and active during the day, perhaps because it had habituated to the cemetery’s foot traffic. Soon Brittany was visiting five days a week, for hours at a time. “I’m at the cemetery trying to feel some peace,” she wrote in her journal one day in July. “And I saw the beavers and Zach would have loved them.”

Peace, at the time, was hard to come by. In the aftermath of Zach’s death, Brittany’s family melted down into chaos and drama; no need to divulge specifics, but suffice to say that, when she compares the situation to Jerry Springer, she may actually be underselling it. The beavers transcended the bullshit. “They were so majestic, so blissfully unaware of the horrors of everything going around,” she recalled. They were, it seemed to her, manifestations of our better natures. They lived in tight family units, like Brittany’s own clan, and they were fiercely devoted to their kits, as Brittany was to her children. But they were also blessedly drama-free, practical, industrious. They did not dread death; they did not betray each other. They were akin to humans, yet superior to them. They also led double lives — sleek and graceful in the water, clumsy and uncomfortable out of it — that seemed to reflect humanity’s own dualism, Zach’s own dualism, how we can at once be so generous and kind and callous and mean, how we all contain multitudes. 

Yes, of course these are the very same thoughts I’ve had watching beavers. And maybe you’ve had too. Because there is nothing new under the sun. It has all been done before.

A few months later, Brittany’s health began to deteriorate. She felt dizzy and fatigued; she struggled to walk. At the hospital, a wild thought rushed through her aching head: that, although glioblastoma is not hereditary, she had contracted the same disease that felled her brother. She didn’t fear death itself, but she was terrified by the thought of leaving behind her four children. The next day, she received her diagnosis: an aggressive form of multiple sclerosis. Another person might have grieved. Brittany, though, had expected incurable cancer. “I was so relieved,” she said. “I don’t think I even cried once. Like, whatever, I’ll get over it.” She threw herself into exercise and literature; although she occasionally requires a cane, her life has continued mostly unaltered. 

Yeah, yeah, yeah. All the best beaver people do. Who knew I was a type?

Brittany and I spoke in late May, amidst an unprecedented societal lockdown. All over the country, people were adjusting to smaller, quieter lives, as Brittany had, and escaping their deepening depressions through nature, as Brittany once did. Gardening was ascendant; so was birdwatching. We were all trying to connect with forces deeper and simpler, to commune with creatures blessedly detached from a world that we’d ruined. That, in the end, was what Brittany loved most about beavers: “They’re so unaware,” she said, “of the shit that we go through.”

Yup.


Hot diggety dam! Today is going to be a great day, can’t you feel it? What am I saying. it is a great day already! Guess what our friends at Phys.org wrote about yesterday? An actual article about beaver science! Not just one that actually describes what beavers do every day and doesn’t give them any credit. And stay until the end because as good as the article is, something EVEN BETTER happened last night.

Beavers are diverse forest landscapers

Beavers are ecosystem engineers that cut down trees to build dams, eventually causing floods. Beaver-induced floods make forest landscapes and habitats increasingly diverse, but very little is known about the long-term effects of beavers on European landscapes. Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Helsinki examined the history and occurrence of beaver-induced floods and patch dynamics in southern Finland. They used a unique dataset of field observations from 1970 to 2018.

Go on…I’m listening…

“Beavers can help to restore wetland ecosystems and entire boreal forests, and they also help in conserving the biodiversity of these environments,” researcher Sonja Kivinen from the University of Eastern Finland says.

Oh yeah, baby. That’s what I’m talking about. They sure can. I assume Castor Fiber? Not in Finland.

The European beaver was hunted to extinction in the 19th century Finland. Nowadays, the study area is home to thewhich was introduced there in the 150s. The American beaver builds similar dams as the European one.

Oh that’s so sweet. So this article is about OUR beaver. Remember that.

“The spread of the beaver in our study area has created a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of beaver ponds and beaver meadows of different ages,” Kivinen says.

The researchers observed that the number of beaver-induced flood sites grew by more than 11-fold over the study period. In addition to creating new flood sites, beavers also often use old sites to cause new floods. The duration of an individual flood and the frequency of floods can vary greatly between different sites, resulting in an abundance of habitat patches with different environmental conditions.

“Thanks to beaver activity, there is a unique richness of wetlands in the forest landscape: flowages dominated by bushes, beaver meadows, and deadwood that can be used by various other species,” university lecturer Petri Nummi from the University of Helsinki says.

Credit where credit is do! Yes that is exactly what beavers do better than anyone else. Thanks so much for noticing! Shh this is my favorite part:

Indeed, beaver-induced disturbances are more predictable in diversifying the forest landscape than for example fires or storms.

Well, at least they like them in Finland! Beavers might be killed in Scotland and Russia and America but some Fins apparently know what a good thing looks like. I’m told the country has no official motto, but the unofficial slogan is “Sisu, Sauna and Sibelius“. Sibelius is their famous composer. Sauna is the soaking hot bath that we all know and love.. And Sisu is a Finnish concept described as “stoic determination, tenacity of purpose, grit, bravery, resilience, and hardiness and is held by Finns themselves to express their national character.”

Umm…like a beaver.

Ready for the good local news from last night? This was photographed by a neighbor in her backyard a few blocks up the creek from where I live. She said the beaver was awkward and moving weirdly. That sure looks to me like a beaver trying to haul down a big tree he might have cut from up on the bank.

Gee I wonder why would a beaver do that?


Pennsylvania is a hard state for beavers. We know only two supporters from that area. Mostly beavers are killed whenever they are seen. And even when it is noticed that their ponds help wildlife, like in this recently reprinted report from 1999, the appreciation is still pretty thin. Like Bilbo’s famous toast quote.

I feel thin, sort of stretched, like butter scraped over too much bread.”

The Life of a Pond

On the margin of the lake where the feeder streams converge are a string of beaver ponds like tourmaline jewels. We paddle softly as we approach, portage neatly over the dam. We hardly notice its intricate web of mud and sticks, how with a minimum of materials it holds back the current and flattens it into a pool. We’re not here to appreciate beavers (they’re so secretive we rarely see them). We’ve come to the beaver ponds on this spring day to see ducks.

Of course we’re not here to see those nasty invisibeavers.  No one ever sees them but weirdos and fishermen.

Build a Beaver Pond – Worth A Dam

Beaver ponds are fine places for waterfowl, a recent study funded by the Pennsylvania Game Commission and the Penn State Cooperative Wetlands Center has confirmed.

“The Game Commission was particularly interested in waterfowl broods—mothers and their chicks,” says Diann Prosser, a graduate student in wildlife ecology who with Robert P. Brooks, professor of wildlife and wetlands, investigated beaver pond succession—the stages a pond goes through during its life span.

You don’t say. Beaver ponds are good places for birds! Get out! Next you’ll be telling me they’re good places for fish and frogs too! How much rubbish do you expect one woman to believe?

Beaver ponds are active for about 30 years. The first stage (which Prosser calls “new active”) begins when a stream is dammed and a pond forms. The trees and bushes, their roots drowned, give shade and leafy cover. Eventually they die and rot (or are cut down and eaten, depending on their size and species). Then the beavers must travel further afield to forage, and the dam is widened and the pond enlarged, during this “old active” stage. Trunks and stumps dot the pond, but few shade trees remain except on the edges. The pond is carved with channels, a mix of open water and shrubby hummocks. After the beavers leave the “abandonment” stage—the dam eventually breaks and the water subsides. Grasses and shrubs recolonize the pondflats, and slowly it returns to woodland.

I am sure this happens sometimes. But it’s always bothered me that this idea of beavers eating their way out of house and home doesn’t take into account that as the pond grows conditions improve for more aspen or willow or cottonwood. That’s why beavers are called ‘willow farmers’ by some. They eat willow and their actions increase the very thing they need most.

Unlike, oh say, humans.

Prosser and Brooks surveyed beaver ponds in all three stages, looking not for beaver but for birds. They found all six of Pennsylvania’s common waterfowl breeding on beaver ponds: Canada goose, wood duck, greenwinged teal, American black duck, hooded merganser, and mallard. “New active” ponds and “old active” ponds produced the most waterfowl. Geese seemed to prefer the older, more open ponds; while wood duck, hooded merganser, and black duck liked newer ponds with more cover.

Whether you look at the beginning, middle or the end, beaver ponds are havens for wildlife. And here’s a corollary: killing beavers is bad for bird and wildlife populations. Capeesh?

Marsh and song birds also frequented beaver ponds. The American bittern and Virginia rail, both secretive waders, were found in older ponds, as were the alder flycatcher and redwinged blackbird. The Louisiana waterthrush and Acadian flycatcher visited active ponds; the swamp sparrow, common yellowthroat, and veery lived in all three pond habitats.

“A beaver pair’s goal in building a dam is to create a pond where they can build a lodge, hide from predators in the water, raise offspring, and store food for the winter,” says Prosser. “In the process, they are creating a variety of wetland habitat for waterfowl and other birds.”

 

[wonderplugin_video iframe=”https://youtu.be/kqNwmlaAJk8″ lightbox=0 lightboxsize=1 lightboxwidth=960 lightboxheight=540 autoopen=0 autoopendelay=0 autoclose=0 lightboxtitle=”” lightboxgroup=”” lightboxshownavigation=0 showimage=”” lightboxoptions=”” videowidth=600 videoheight=400 keepaspectratio=1 autoplay=0 loop=0 videocss=”position:relative;display:block;background-color:#000;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;” playbutton=”https://www.martinezbeavers.org/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/wonderplugin-video-embed/engine/playvideo-64-64-0.png”]

BEAVER FESTIVAL XVI

DONATE

TREE PROTECTION

BAY AREA PODCAST

Our story told around the county

Beaver Interactive: Click to view

LASSIE INVENTS BDA

URBAN BEAVERS

LASSIE AND BEAVERS

Ten Years

The Beaver Cheat Sheet

Restoration

RANGER RICK

Ranger rick

The meeting that started it all

Past Reports

May 2025
M T W T F S S
 1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031  

Story By Year