Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!

Category: Beavers and Flooding


Can speed bumps actually slow traffic?

I mean will the busy flow of uncontrollable cars actually slow itself down based on a tiny obstruction in the roadway repeated over and over again>? Why does no one ever ask that question and why does the other one get poised repeatedly?

Cumbria’s Eden Valley to see reintroduction of beavers

Beavers are to be reintroduced to Cumbria’s Eden Valley to see if they can thrive in upland environments.

The animals, which were hunted to extinction in the UK in the 16th Century, will be introduced to the Lake District for the first time in a trial. Efforts to return the species to other parts of the UK, including Yorkshire and Somerset, are also under way.

The government-approved trial will look at how beavers restore small farmland streams and can aid flood prevention.

Oooh ooh, call on me! I know this one!

It is hoped the beavers will deliver benefits such as carbon storage, flood mitigation and an increase in other wildlife.

Conservationists support the return of beavers to Britain’s rivers for the benefits they can provide in preventing flooding, by damming streams and slowing the flow of water, as well as boosting water quality.

I don’t know. Do you think the repeated  observations of science and gravity will apply in another region? Do you think speed bumps will slow traffic? That’s a real head scratcher. I guess we’ll find out.

The funny thing is that just last night I was reading about the great flood of 1862, and thinking about the timing of this massive event. Obviously all those humans mining for all that gold had some effect. But given the fact that the entire beaver population was wiped out about 20 years earlier and their decaying dams would just about be completely gone  – one has to wonder.

The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest ever recorded in Oregon, Nevada and California’s history. The flooding occurred from December of 1861 until January of 1862, drowning the state in water and leaving much of the Northern Valley unlivable until the summer months of 1862.

The flood created a lake down the center of the state that was 300 miles long and 20 miles wide. It’s estimated that thousands of people were killed in Northern California during the event.

Entire cities were under water and many people were killed. 

The foothills of the Sierra Nevada were seeing tremendous flooding activity during this time. The American River near Auburn rose 35 feet and some of the small mining towns were completely submerged. On the Stanislaus River near Knight’s Ferry, two major bridges washed down the river and anything within 40 miles was completely destroyed.

The year before had extra heavy snow so the melt didn’t help matters. But don’t you think all those missing speed bumps might have had something to do with the calamity?

John Carr wrote about his riverboat trip up the river during the peak of the flood:

“I was a passenger on the old steamer Gem, from Sacramento to Red Bluff. The only way the pilot could tell where the channel of the river was, was by the cottonwood trees on each side of the river. The boat had to stop several times and take men out of the tops of trees and off the roofs of houses. In our trip up the river we met property of every description floating down—dead horses and cattle, sheep, hogs, houses, haystacks, household furniture, and everything imaginable was on its way for the ocean. Arriving at Red Bluff, there was water everywhere as far as the eye could reach, and what few bridges there had been in the country were all swept away.”

 It’s a terrifying story of our history that I knew nothing about before. When Stanford was inaugurated governor of California he had to row his way to the capital.

I bet a lot of those beaver hats got floated away too, Ironic, huh?


Anyone who’s ever made an offer to a two year old knows this rule.

You want them to FEEL like they have a choice and get to call all the shots. But because you happen to be the adult and know better you want to actually put your thumb on the scale and determine which option they are going to pick. It’s called stacking the deck, Like “Would you like to wear a sweater or your snow gear to play at Martin’s house?”

They win. You winner. It’s a perfect system.

Which bring us to Lyme Connecticut, the state still trying to solve its beaver problem.

82-Year-Old Old Lyme Resident Faces Loss of Home as Local Officials Consider Response to Flooding

OLD LYME — For more than a year David Berggren’s house has been sinking, and Black Hall Pond has been steadily rising due to beaver activity downstream, flooding his lawn, and dock, causing his plumbing to fail and mold to grow, and shifting the foundation underneath his home on Boughton Road.

“I trapped three beavers on town property near Whippoorwill Road,” said Robert Comtois, the trapper hired by the town, “but they may not have been the suspects. I did try to get back into the opposite bank of Black Hall Pond, but it was so thickly grown-in, I was having a tough time even with my kayak.”

So there can be a drowning 82 year old man or there can be beavers. Which one do you think we should save? We first read about this problem back in June. So you can see they’re tacking this issue with lightening speed. It’s funny because you’d think that was if your property was under a little bit of water in the summer it would be under a LOT of water by January.

I remember it because of the disease. That must be fun to explain to tourists.

Despite the efforts of Machnik, town officials, members of the Open Space Commission and the Old Lyme Land Trust have for months denied knowing either location of the beaver activity responsible for flooding the property of Berggren and his neighbors, or ownership of the land.

“All we know is it’s not on our property,” said Amanda Blair at a December 13 meeting of Old Lyme’s Open Space Commission. “To the best of our knowledge, there is no beaver dam located on the Jericho Preserve,” said Michael Kiernan, president of the Old Lyme Land Trust, in a December phone call with CT Examiner. “We worked with the DEEP expert in 2017 to determine this. At that time, it was determined that the dam was located on one of the private properties to the north of the preserve.”

Two years later, Berggren, Machnik, Comtois and several Black Hall Pond area residents maintain that the dam is clearly located downstream on Bucky Brook, deep in the Jericho Preserve.

Kiernan said an investigation is ongoing.

So they don’t KNOW where the dam is that’s causing the problem but they just keep randomly killing every beaver they see because they hope it will help. That’s like not knowing who robbed the bank but just jailing every person you meet on that street until the atm’s fill up again.

Gosh. Connecticut really is – um – challenged when it comes to beavers.

On December 16, newly-elected First Selectman Tim Griswold said the town would look into using a drone to locate the beaver dam and to determine the responsibility for the flooding.

Two weeks into January, there has been no apparent progress toward resolving the issue.

In multiple conversations with town officials, it has been assumed that only the property owner may authorize the trapping or managing of beavers — in this instance, it appears, the Old Lyme Land Trust. According to both Machnik, and the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, as a matter of law that is not the case.

You know what state Connecticut borders? Massachusetts. The town of Lyme is about  75 miles away from Mike Callahan at beaver solutions. He could tell which – if any – beaver dams is causing the property to flood, And fix it for you without killing beavers or complaining to the press for 6 months.

But that would be too easy, right? Better to keep killing beavers and sinking lower into the mire.

 


Fires and floods are the punishing destructive forces of nature that even the bible recognizes. The answer to both might be staring us in the face. What if what we needed all along wasn’t an ark, but a some beavers? 

The National Trust is preparing to release a small number of beavers into the south of England to help manage the landscape and combat flooding.

In a scheme to combat flooding, the National Trust is planning to release a small number of beavers in England. Initially, two pairs of beavers will be released into large woodland enclosures in Holnicote, Somerset, near tributaries to the River Aller. A third pair of beavers will be released into an enclosure at Valewood, on the edge of the South Downs, West Sussex.

Beavers, once native to Britain, were hunted to extinction in the 1500s, although small numbers have been observed in the wild in Scotland and Devon in recent years. Beavers are considered a ‘keystone’ species due to their work building dams in rivers, which significantly affects the landscape and ecosystem around them. Through dam building, beavers help restore precious wetlands through erosion reduction, downstream flood control and water cleansing. However, scientists have also raised concerns about the volumes of carbon being released into the atmosphere from soil as a result of beaver damming.

That’s right. Beavers to the rescue. Again. Although no solution is without its risks. Noah might deserve full disclosure.

“Beavers are nature’s engineers and can create remarkable wetland habitats that benefit a host of species, including water voles, wildfowl, craneflies, water beetles and dragonflies,” said David Elliot, National Trust lead ranger for Valewood. “These in turn help support breeding fish and insect-eating birds such as spotted flycatchers.”

Well said.

Yes they do. And if prevent flooding’s not enough, maybe you’ll be interested to know they can also reduce the risk of fire.

Don’t believe me? Ask a scientist.

Smokey the Beaver: Can Beaver Dams Help Protect Riparian Vegetation During Wildfire?

When beavers move onto a creek, they build dams that slow the flow of water and spread it out over the landscape. That stored water can help keep the entire landscape wet and lush, even when everywhere else is dry. People have seen beaver-dammed areas stay green through droughts before, and this past year photographs of green beaver wetlands surrounded by the char of wildfire showed up in the news media. Although we are seeing this happen, there weren’t any studies proving that places with beaver damming are burned less by wildfires than places without beaver damming. We looked at five different large wildfires that burned in places with beavers, and use satellite data of plant greenness to see whether or not the plants actually stayed green and healthy during the fires if they were near beaver dams. Our data confirms what people had already seen happening: places with beaver stay green even during wildfires, places without beavers do not. For a short (45-second) animation of this phenomenon,

Wow! December 11 in San Francisco.  That would be our own heroine Emily Fairfax who wowed the world with her smart research and stop motion film last year. Emily started work as an assistant professor at Cal State Channel Islands and if she keeps this up I’m expecting great things for her and beavers.

Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Robert Frost

It rained, and rained for forty dayses dayses
rained and rained for forty dayses dayses
Nearly drove those poor animals crazy crazy
Children of the lord.

I’ve been in the beaver biz for so long I’ve used this very song to describe my alarm at how beavers manage in high flooding. Lord knows we saw some glory days and some fire and brimstone days in our decade with the beavs. One year their lodge washed away entirely. And recently the little secondary dam was topped.

Now Tulocay creek in Napa is worrying about the same thing.

Tulocay Creek Beaver lodge flooded Sunday This morning Rusty forwarded me an email from a concerned neighbor who asked worriedly if beavers could survive in such flooding? I replied  of course and much. much worse but I’m glad to know there are folks worrying about them and grateful Rusty braved the storm and took these photos.

In case you can’t make that out that’s their little island lodge flooded to the rafters in the background. Here’s a closer look.

A wise woman once said to me that the human vagina is a potential (rather than an actual) space. And that must be true for beaver lodges too. I remember after the great flood of 2011 we were so worried where our beavers would sleep when their lodge was flattened. The next morning we went anxiously to look and saw footprints in the mud where the youngsters had walked back and forth searching for their cozy home that was no more.

But beavers find a way. That’s what they do.

What I learned in my decade as a beaver guardian is that if there is a way to be found then beavers will find it. This too shall pass.


What do you know! Two days ago the US forest service published a collection of articles about riparian restoration, and guess what number seven was? The summary of Suzanne Fouty’s very beavery dissertation. You can download the whole thing online but I’m going to give you some highlights here to whet your appetite for the original.

Chapter 7. Euro-American Beaver Trapping and Its Long-Term Impact on Drainage Network Form and Function,Water Abundance, Delivery, and System Stability

Suzanne Fouty, Ph.D.

Euro-American (EA) beaver trapping was a regional and watershed-scale disturbance that occurred across the North American continent. This concentrated removal of beavers altered drainages by creating thousands of localized base-level drops as beaver dams failed and were not repaired. These base-level drops led to the development of channels as ponds drained and water eroded the fine sediment trapped behind the dams
(Dobyns 1981; Fouty 1996, 2003; Parker et al. 1985). The speed at which drainages transformed from beaver-dominated to channel-dominated varied as a function of climate, upland and riparian vegetation, and the subsequent land uses. As the drainage network pattern changed, flood magnitudes and frequencies increased and base flows decreased, creating stream systems much more sensitive to climatic variability.

Using current research and historic observations, I developed a conceptual model describing the geomorphic and hydrologic response of a drainage basin to the entry of beavers and then their removal or abandonment (Fouty 2003).

Now there are lots of parts of this research that are way over our heads, but the gist is the Suzanne used a model to systematically determine how much water was lost in parts of the US when beavers were eliminated. She challenged the work of those who said had said for years that the effect of their loss was minimal.

You know me, I can only understand the pictures to understand. This is an excellent break down of why beavers matter on the landscape. Use it to convince your hydrological skeptics. Suffice it to say that from a surface and ground water perspective beavers make things a lot more habitable and life supporting.

She finishises with a big bang of course.

Separating out cause-and-effect relationships in fluvial systems is challenging because changes to their form and function are the result of many factors interacting over time and space. This chapter explored some of those factors in its examination of how EA beaver trapping altered the appearance and hydrologic behavior of stream systems and why the influence of beavers and beaver trapping were missed in the discipline of fluvial geomorphology until recently. It also examined how information gaps led to the development of relationships of process and form based on observations and measurements
of channelized drainages and altered uplands that created conditions whereby water was rapidly shed from the landscape rather than stored and released slowly.

Given the magnitude of the historic changes and their hydrologic consequences, the scale of restoration and the rate at which it must occur is enormous if the impact of climate change on water availability, and the systems that depend on water, are to be minimized. Partnering with beavers to restore the water-holding capability of our stream corridors would rapidly dampen fluctuations in the abundance and scarcity of water and leave wild and human communities less vulnerable. Efforts will require broad public support and an integrated approach by State and Federal agencies given their respective areas of influence and impact. Scientists are in a position to help inform the discussions  by sharing what we have learned about how past and current land uses affect the ability of the landscape to naturally store water for future use; however, our effectiveness  will first require that we change the lens we have been looking through. Because the discipline of fluvial geomorphology has internalized and codified degraded systems as normal, our stream restoration efforts fall short. By placing these fluvial geomorphic relationships within their historic disturbance context, one that includes EA beaver trapping, new strategies, approaches, and partnerships emerge that are essential for restoration to successfully occur. This new lens reveals the essential role beavers play in this recovery process.

Basically the paper concludes with “you were all WRONG (And I’m looking at you Aldo & Luna) because you assumed a landscape stripped of beavers was the norm. Listen to what I’m saying because climate change is gonna knock the spit out of all of us. And beavers can help.”

I hope she doesn’t mind the paraphrase. But go read the original. And pass it on.

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