You would think that the answer to this question is “Celebrate, invite all your friends, and buy a lottery ticket because it’s obviously your lucky day“. But strangely it’s not.

What to do when a beaver family moves on to your property

A beaver cruises a northern Mane pond. Expert engineers, beavers are not alway welcome guests by property owners who may lose ornamental trees or experience flooding thanks to the animal’s natural activities. But beavers are also responsible for creating necessary wetland habitats in Maine.

When it comes to looking for a new home, beavers are not ones to ask permission before setting up housekeeping in the ponds or streams of Maine’s small landowners.

“Whether it’s good or bad having [beavers] on your property is completely in the eye if the beholder,” according to Griffin Dill with University of Maine Cooperative Extension. “You need to ask yourself if you can tolerate them or if their presence is causing actual harm to your property.”

New construction

It is not at all uncommon for the aquatic, fur-bearing mammal to move into a small pond or along a waterways running through a yard or field.

Given that beavers are often referred to as “nature’s engineers,” thanks to their dam and lodge building skills, Dill said the bucktoothed critters do a great deal of good for woodland ecosystems.

“There is constant change with the comings and goings of beavers in and out of an area,” he said. “They are responsible for creating large patchworks of wetland habitats that benefit a whole host of other wildlife and they are a really important part of the ecosystem.”

Really. They are. I know we’re in Maine and all and we usually shoot them but they are really important. Griffin Dill knows he’s talk to a rough room on this. But good for him for trying it anyway.

That sort of ecosystem design can be an upside for landowners, according to Shawn Haskell, Maine Inland Fisheries and Wildlife regional biologist based in Ashland.

Haskell said he and fellow biologists have spent some time recently in the field looking for the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), which has experienced a population decline in recent years and is not all that common in Maine.

“This bird likes really thick stands of young spruce near wetlands where they can forage,” Haskell said. “That is a really unique habitat and invariably when you find it it’s an old beaver flow [and] the beavers could be long gone but they have created that perfect habitat for the rusty blackbirds.”

That can be a real boon for property owners, Haskell said.

“As a landowner, you might say, ‘jeez, they just flooded 10 acres of my land and that means I have lost a bunch of trees,’” Haskell said. “But I’ll tell you what, for that landowner that does not mind, they now have have something special and different [with] blackbird habitat.”

Habitat? What’s this crazy habitat word you mention? I didn’t buy this property for habitat! I use it to go deer and duck hunting with my buddies every fall. Wait a minute. Are you saying if there’s more habitat there’s more game? And beavers make more game?

Hmm. Now you got my attention.

Overall, Dill said, beavers tend to be good neighbors until they decide to help themselves to an ornamental tree buffett.

“If they are causing harm it’s usually because they are doing one of two things — eating the prized ornamental trees someone took the time to plant or causing flooding,” Dill said. “But if they are just swimming around and minding their own business they can be a joy to watch and really interesting to observe.”

If the beavers overstay their welcome, landowners do have some options.

Dill suggests wrapping the trees’ trunk with galvanized metal fencing or chicken wire to prevent the beavers from chewing the bark. He said there are also chemical deterrents on the market, but the success of those products is somewhat debatable.

Larger landowners, like paper companies, often call in help when beavers block culverts which then overflow and wash out roads. Haskell said.

“Some people just want the beavers gone from their property,” Haskell said. “At IF&W we have [animal damage control] agents who we train and license to trap and remove the beavers.”

The state will also issue special permits for landowners to shoot nuisance beavers, Haskell said.

There are occasions, Haskell said, when what is a welcome wildlife guest for one landowner is a nuisance to the abutting landowner.

“Basically we work with the neighbors to solve any issues and we are lucky in Maine in that in cases where one person wants the beaver but a neighbor wants it gone, they work it out,” Haskell said.

“It’s important to consider your neighbors,” Dill said. “Especially with streams, because if the beaver builds a dam on your land, it can create flooding on someone else’s property.”

Hey you know what? Sometimes smaller landowners than paper mills install culvert fencing or a flow device. Sometimes it makes more sense to solve the issue up front than to find yourself with 5 more. But that’s just me. What do I know? I only lived with beavers in my city for a decade so I could be all wrong.

Beavers are quiet animals that tend to keep to themselves, but Dill said if you know what to look for, you can determine if one or more has moved into a pond.

“You may see some debris and wood floating around your pond,” he said. “If you see significant damage and chewing on a tree about 6- to 8-inches off the ground, that is a good indication they are around.”

In addition to construction dams across moving water like streams or rivers, beavers construct domed-shaped “lodges” out of tree limbs, sticks and mud for their homes.

Beavers eat the tree bark and seem to be most fond of popals within 100 feet or so of their lodge.

“Of course, their favorite is going to be any tree you just planted,” Dill said with a laugh.

Beavers are not considered dangerous, though they will become aggressive if cornered or otherwise threatened.

The beavers’ main defense seems to be the characteristic “tail slap” in which the animal loudly smacks the surface of the water with its wide, flat tail sending up a spray of water before it dives beneath the surface.

“That seems to be a ‘distraction’ tool the beavers use to frighten the perceived threat and to warn other beavers there is danger nearby,” Dill said.

Do beavers tail slap to startle you away? There are men who believe it, but I am more inclined to think that you are not the one they do it for. They do it to scare away all the OTHER beavers in the area. A tail slap is a special kind of communication that can be heard both above and UNDER water. So I’m guessing they’re not talking to you but about you.

The obligatory paragraph about beaver fever follows. But I. Can’t. Even.

Love them or hate them, Haskell said it is impossible not to admire their work ethic and construction skills.

“My wife and I spent a good part of a Sunday recently pulling apart one of their dams,” Haskell said. “We pulled out rocks, sticks, mud and logs — it is amazing what they can do.”