Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!

Month: March 2018


This site is just missing something. I’m not sure what. We talk about everything under the sun and waterline here at our very committed beaver coffee club, but there’s something we forgot. I can’t put my finger on it but there’s something we almost never write about here at beaver central.

Oh wait, I just remembered. The benefits of beaver dams in Tennessee.

What Did the Fish Say When He Ran Into the Wall?

DAM! ? The wetland at TN State University university was not always a wetland. Does my hilarious joke give you a hint as to how it was formed? You guessed it…what was once a stream leading into the Cumberland River was dammed by a group of beavers. Beavers are what is known as an ecosystem engineer. Ecosystem engineer alter the environment around them for their benefit, other species benefit, or both (Hall, 2016). The ariel images below show how the beavers have changed this particular landscape. The above image was taken in 2005 and the below, current image was taken in 2016. The beavers may not have realized, but their work has created a valuable wetland as it is in a highly developed part of the state.

Dr. Sutton took our Wetland Ecology and Management class out to the wetland to practice observing the three main wetland indicators we had been learning about: hydrology, hydric soil, and hydrophytic vegetation. Our first stop was to observe the characteristics of the hydrology, what was in sight from where we were standing can be seen in the top photo. We were standing in the eastern area of the wetland and noted that the hydrology was channelized and we could see evidence of beaver activity. We notes that Box Elder was present at the bank full line. Box Elder is facultative, which means it occurs in both wetland environments and non-wetland environments (www.rnr.lsu.edu).

As we had learned that cattails are obligate species, meaning they are found in wetlands 99% of the time, we hypothesized that the change in vegetation type indicated a change in the water table. This type of thinking is great for when you are doing field work, it is helpful when you would need to establish a boundary for sampling or surveying.

The last indicator we looked for was hydric soil. We dug a hole near the cattails and found that the water table was easily uncovered and we moved away towards the short shrubbery it took more digging to find signs of water. The soil horizon near the cattails showed oxidized rhizospheres (discussed in previous post), indicating prolonged periods of saturation. By these oxidized rhizospheres, the sulfuric smell, the lack of visible organic matter, and the density of the soil indicated that the soil at the TSU wetland is mineral soil, particularly clay soil.

Well whadya know, beaver dams save water both above and below the ground. I like that more every single time I hear it, but I like it a LOT when I hear it from Tennessee.

It’s kind of amazing that they’ve been allowed to live on campus for 11 years and change the wetlands so much. I imagined Dr. Sutton might have had something to do with that but it turns out this is his first year teaching there. Guess where he was before. Go ahead Guess!

Clemson University in Georgia where they invented one of the very first flow devices.

 

The man has obviously had some beaver education in his background, And now these students do also. They learned to spot the hydrophytic vegetation between zones, and learn that BEAVERS were responsible for them.


On the list of ridiculous things I would place the idea that

  1. Anyone seeking safety would ask to be changed into a beaver to avoid danger.
  2. Beavers would ever be fooled by a murderer or criminal.
  3. Beavers have a king or male hierarchy of any kind.
  4. That a beaver would ever make friends with anyone who stands upon their dam.

One thing I do agree with, of course, is that it makes perfect sense to ask beavers to “Change you” because that is, after all, changing and transforming things is what they do for a living.

The Song of Hiawatha

Over rock and over river,
Through bush, and brake, and forest,
Ran the cunning Pau-Puk-Keewis;
Like an antelope he bounded,
Till he came unto a streamlet
In the middle of the forest,

To a streamlet still and tranquil,
That had overflowed its margin,
To a dam made by the beavers,
To a pond of quiet water,
Where knee-deep the trees were standing,
Where the water lilies floated,
Where the rushes waved and whispered.

On the dam stood Pau-Puk-Keewis,
On the dam of trunks and branches,
Through whose chinks the water spouted,
O’er whose summit flowed the streamlet.
From the bottom rose the beaver,
Looked with two great eyes of wonder,
Eyes that seemed to ask a question,
At the stranger, Pau-Puk-Keewis.

On the dam stood Pau-Puk-Keewis,
O’er his ankles flowed the streamlet,
Flowed the bright and silvery water,
And he spake unto the beaver,
With a smile he spake in this wise:
 “O my friend Ahmeek, the beaver,
Cool and pleasant is the water;
Let me dive into the water,
Let me rest there in your lodges;
Change me, too, into a beaver!”

Cautiously replied the beaver,
With reserve he thus made answer:
“Let me first consult the others,
Let me ask the other beavers.”
Down he sank into the water,
Heavily sank he, as a stone sinks,
Down among the leaves and branches,
Brown and matted at the bottom.

 On the dam stood Pau-Puk-Keewis,
O’er his ankles flowed the streamlet,
Spouted through the chinks below him,
Dashed upon the stones beneath him,
Spread serene and calm before him,
And the sunshine and the shadows
Fell in flecks and gleams upon him,
Fell in little shining patches,
Through the waving, rustling branches.

  From the bottom rose the beavers,
Silently above the surface
Rose one head and then another,
Till the pond seemed full of beavers,
Full of black and shining faces.

  To the beavers Pau-Puk-Keewis
Spake entreating, said in this wise:
“Very pleasant is your dwelling,
O my friends! and safe from danger;
Can you not, with all your cunning,
All your wisdom and contrivance,
Change me, too, into a beaver?”
  “Yes!” replied Ahmeek, the beaver,

He the King of all the beavers,
“Let yourself slide down among us,
Down into the tranquil water.”
  Down into the pond among them
Silently sank Pau-Puk-Keewis;
Black became his shirt of deer-skin,
Black his moccasins and leggings,
In a broad black tail behind him
Spread his fox-tails and his fringes;
He was changed into a beaver.

Now this is where it starts to get interesting.

  “Make me large,” said Pau-Puk-Keewis,
“Make me large and make me larger,
Larger than the other beavers.”
“Yes,” the beaver chief responded,
“When our lodge below you enter,
In our wigwam we will make you
Ten times larger than the others.”

Didja catch that? Yes buddy we’ll make you larger and more important than any of us. Just come down INTO OUR LODGE first.

 Thus into the clear, brown water
Silently sank Pau-Puk-Keewis:
Found the bottom covered over
With the trunks of trees and branches,
Hoards of food against the winter,
Piles and heaps against the famine;
Found the lodge with arching doorway,
Leading into spacious chambers.

  Here they made him large and larger,
Made him largest of the beavers,
Ten times larger than the others.
“You shall be our ruler,” said they;
“Chief and King of all the beavers.”

Something tells me these beavers have his number and realize to catch this evil fool all they have to do is flatter his enormous ego. Gosh who does that remind me of?

 But not long had Pau-Puk-Keewis
Sat in state among the beavers,
When there came a voice of warning
From the watchman at his station
In the water-flags and lilies,
Saying, “Here Is Hiawatha!
Hiawatha with his hunters!”

  Then they heard a cry above them,
Heard a shouting and a tramping,
Heard a crashing and a rushing,
And the water round and o’er them
Sank and sucked away in eddies,
And they knew their dam was broken.

  On the lodge’s roof the hunters
Leaped, and broke it all asunder;
Streamed the sunshine through the crevice,
Sprang the beavers through the doorway,
Hid themselves in deeper water,
In the channel of the streamlet;

But the mighty Pau-Puk-Keewis
Could not pass beneath the doorway;
He was puffed with pride and feeding,
He was swollen like a bladder.

Through the roof looked Hiawatha,
Cried aloud, “O Pau-Puk-Keewis
Vain are all your craft and cunning,
Vain your manifold disguises!
Well I know you, Pau-Puk-Keewis!”

With their clubs they beat and bruised him,
Beat to death poor Pau-Puk-Keewis,
Pounded him as maize is pounded,
Till his skull was crushed to pieces.
  Six tall hunters, lithe and limber,
Bore him home on poles and branches,
Bore the body of the beaver;

And that is why you don’t ask for safety by changing into a beaver. Here endeth the lesson.

Those beavers gave him a chance to prove himself worthy and he showed his ego by demanding to be a huge one. Ameek thought well, okay then. The number one thing that keeps beavers safe is being able to sneak away, but since you know best and you are asking to have that be impossible: so be  it

. Best of luck to you king beaver

.

 


On the Mountains of the Prairie,
On the great Red Pipe-stone Quarry,

But he reappeared triumphant,
And upon his shining shoulders
Brought the beaver, dead and dripping,
Brought the King of all the Beavers.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote the song of Hiawatha in 1855 about the tragic love of the native hero of the Ojibwe tribe. Although Longfellow never traveled to Pipestone Minnesota, the region performed the poem in a pageant every year for 60 years. It was a big deal when they stopped. It is the kind of poem you’ve heard parts  of recited, usually in very bad talent shows, but never read all the way through.

One of the great mysteries of my beaver life refers to this poem, which I was unaware had an exciting beaver-killing passage and a heroic beaver resurrection. Completely without any awareness of this, I had a collected volume of Longfellow in my living room just because it was a beautiful old book and Longfellow is an author who’s originals I could afford.

A meeting of California National Park service folks somehow happened in that livingroom when I was on the John Muir Association. 10-15 folks I didn’t know and never saw again came in uniform to meet at my table and discuss plans for an upcoming event. Lots and lots of pointed hats, and I might have joked about offering one at the beaver festival silent auction but the conversation was definitely not about beavers..

When the meeting was over I noticed that the pages of my book had been turned to a specific passage detailing Pau-puk-keewis  changed into beaver.

“O my friend Ahmeek, the beaver,
Cool and pleasant is the water;
Let me dive into the water,
Let me rest there in your lodges;
Change me, too, into a beaver!”

The book had 400 pages or so. and no one said a word about it or was milling around during the meeting. I never knew whether it was an accident or whether it was done especially for me, and until I read up for this article I really wasn’t sure. Now I think probably one of those rangers had been stationed at pipestone monument and had heard or attended or even recited one of those 60 years of pageants.

Apparently Pipestone isn’t any better at living with beavers today.

Bounty brings in more beavers

Last year was a bad year to be a beaver in Pipestone County, specifically in the northern part of the county.

According to the Pipestone County Highway Department, bounties were paid for 68 beavers that were killed in Rock, Troy and Aetna townships in 2017. There were 47 beavers killed in Rock Township, 11 in Troy and 10 in Aetna.

Township officials said that’s more than in years past and that they’ve typically paid bounties. Troy Township hired someone to trap beavers because there was a beaver dam in the township that was causing water to back up near a road, according to Pete Sietsema, township chair, so that accounts for a higher number there.

Another factor that could be at play is that there was a higher price on the animals’ heads
Some townships have offered a beaver bounty for years to reduce the number of the animals, whose dams can flood roads, ditches and culverts.

Obviously trapping beaver year after year after year isn’t working for Pipestone.  They keep spending more money and keep getting more beavers.

I guess they better just do more of it.

From the bottom rose the beavers,
Silently above the surface
Rose one head and then another,
Till the pond seemed full of beavers,
Full of black and shining faces.


It was usually the first week in January when we’d see sudden evidence of beaver feasting overnight. All of a sudden there’d be chews on several trees at once and at least one down. i remember thinking that the creek looked like many of our homes the morning after new year’s eve, empty bottles lying around speaking to a night of revelry.

Sometimes it was at the start of the month, sometimes later, and sometimes it didn’t happen at all. The surprising part was always that it didn’t continue to happen, it was definitely a ‘one-off’ kind of thing. What ever set of circumstances made it occur just went away until the following year.

Obviously it wasn’t hunger (since beavers get hungry every day). I always assumed some kind of adolescent maturity ritual when a kit suddenly decided he could take down a tree like dad, or maybe dad got him started on one to teach him. The point was, it was a night of learning and then it was over and the beavers went back to chewing plants or a single tree or eating cattails.

Which is what I thought of this morning when I saw this.

Beavers chewing up trees at water’s edge along Riverfront Park

Gnawing nocturnal visitors to Spokane’s Riverfront Park had officials scrambling to save towering cottonwoods from a watery grave this winter.

A flourishing beaver population along the banks of the Spokane River, stretching east from the 100-acre park in the city’s downtown to the shores behind Gonzaga University at least, is being blamed for gashes in the trunks of shoreline trees. The targets are not only those in the willow and cedar families that are staples of the beaver’s diet, but also pine and hawthorn trees that don’t have the same type of bark the creatures prefer.

The activity is puzzling experts and drawing the attention of a sleuthing class of preschoolers.

Joe Cannon, a restoration ecologist with the Lands Council in Spokane, said it’s the most active he’s ever seen the semiaquatic rodent that has often crossed paths with urban dwellers in the city by the falls.

“They’re always here, they’re just having a bigger presence this year than they’ve had,” said Cannon, standing amid a row of trees near Lake Arthur on Gonzaga’s campus last week that showed the telltale signs of beaver chewing.

At least it’s Washington so they know what to do and the area has expert to call on (hi Joe!) better yet – a classroom of preschoolers to  investigate!  Even if the news artist has never seen an actual beaver before.

It’s that activity that caught the attention of Chelsea Inman’s preschool students at the Community Building Children’s Center. Groups of a half-dozen students, between the ages of 3 and 5, take routine tours through the park and began spotting beaver activity in late November, Inman said.

“We’ve been bringing students to the park for years and never seen beaver activity before,” Inman said.

Students found some downed saplings near the upper dam, and followed the wood scraps “Scooby Doo-like,” Inman said, to the damaged trees to the west. The trail included some trail-marking posts on the bridge leading between Havermale Island and the north bank of the river, suggesting the beavers became confused and started gnawing the wooden markers, believing them to be tree trunks, she said.

On Monday afternoon, Inman’s students gathered in a circle, as they do twice a day, to talk about their investigation and what they learned about the eager animal.

“I think it’s a good idea, to let everyone know that beavers were chewing our trees,” said Olivia, 4, who also said her favorite animal was a beaver.

Nelson, 5, said it was important for beavers to have a source of food in the park, so they didn’t venture into other, more dangerous parts of town.

I’m right there with you Olivia! There is generally nothing I like better than an episode of “beaver detective”. Especially when the heroes are in four and five! You did great work, and are paying attention in just the right way. I hope you receive Ranger Rick magazine because you’re going to see a story about children watching out for local beavers very soon.


Yesterday was good but exhausting so I’m taking the morning off and giving you something to keep you busy. I honestly can’t even remember making this, but it’s fun to watch.

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