Because the beaver isn't just an animal; it's an ecosystem!

Month: October 2013



Clint DeWitt, environmental projects manager with Kanuga Conferences Inc., talks about how the organization is dealing with a number of beaver dams on its property.
MIKE DIRKS/TIMES-NEWS

Landowners complain about too many beavers

“I’m tasked with catching every beaver, not just one or two beavers,” Williamson said. “I have to catch every beaver at the place and warranty it for three months. You’re looking at the difference between a $300 job, versus the same job outside a BMAP county might be $800 or $1,000.”

Just 300 miles away from the beaver-appreciation article I talked about yesterday and whose author was thrilled to learn about flow devices and wrote me back several times, at the other end of the Blue Ridge Mountains the Kanuga conference center in Hendersonville just can’t kill them quickly enough.

“They’re just terrible,” said Jerry Moore, who has maintained the WNC Air Museum Airport, also known as Johnson Field, for 25 years. “They back the water up to the runway. They’ll raise it up a couple of feet. Last week, I dug (a beaver dam) out of the field and it dropped the water down 18 inches. They’ll be back, but it helps for a while.”

 Moore said beaver-related flooding and tree damage near the airport reached its zenith about “six or seven years ago,” when a state trapper removed 50 beavers from the area. “It was just infested with them,” he said.

Infested! Beaver lice!  The article is basically constructed around convincing the cities that don’t participate in BMAP to cough up their contribution. BMAP stands for “Beaver Management Assistance Program” but since its run by Wildlife Services at APHIS the acronym should really be “Bureaucrats Make Assassination Possible”. Killing is all they mostly do, except sometimes when they install pretend flow devices that don’t work.

 Mitigating beaver damage doesn’t always involve trapping them or breaking up their dams, Williamson said.  When beavers at Kanuga Conferences started flooding a lake loop trail — as well as threatening the habitat of endangered species in a nearby bog — he worked with Kanuga staff to design and install two pond levelers to lower water levels in the 1-acre bog.

 Kanuga was home to roughly 20 to 30 beavers in 2007, said Environmental Projects Manager Clint DeWitt. He said the Episcopal Church-affiliated retreat didn’t want to eliminate the web-footed animals, only the damage they were wreaking on the bog habitat and the Daisy Lake Trail.

 Relocating beavers is not an option, Williamson said, since that would just shift the nuisance to other areas and perhaps spread disease. He added beavers are highly territorial and would, if transplanted into a new area, likely die from fights with resident beavers or trying to cross roads on their way back home.

Before resorting to trapping, Williamson said he tries to use pond levelers, exclusion devices such as hardwire cloth around the base of trees and other non-lethal techniques. But with a constant stream of beavers coming up from the French Broad River, trapping is often necessary to control populations.

So even though beavers are so dangerously territorial that they would kill a stranger for moving in, there is such a steady stream of beavers on the move that new ones will just come to fill the space the corpse left behind and trapping is necessary to control the problem.  I’m reminded of a certain Hermann Moll “zombie beaver map” from the 1700’s.

Well obviously North Carolina has a ways to go before achieving any real beaver management. And maybe something to learn about sociopathy as well. Check out the trapper’s colorful analogy at the end of the article.

“If I were trying to trap you, I would put traps at your front door, at the foot of your bed, at the light switch and at the toilet,” he said. 

Well, it worked on his wife, anyway.


Wild Ideas: Beavers: nature’s engineer

Pam Owen, Rappahannock News

While humans may not be happy with the beaver’s engineering, the ponds and wetlands it creates serve as habitat for many other species. When beavers move on, many of these wetlands convert to meadows, providing habitat to other species before forest takes over again. With this cascading effect, populations of many species rebound along with the beavers.

 Humans should also value some of the ecoservices beavers provide, including the buffering effect on adjacent lands. The ponds and wetlands beavers produce keep water in the landscape for drier times and, during precipitation events, slow runoff and reduce flooding, capturing silt and pollutants in the process.

This is a nice beaver-101 article that introduces the reader to plenty of beaver benefits and even talks about wrapping trees to prevent chewing. I wish it mentioned flow devices too but it’s Virginia and we’re grading on a curve. We know the state has heard about them before, because Stephanie Boyles paper originated from Christopher Newport University and the Virginia Department of Transportation was a key player in her research which concludes:

Given the demonstrated low costs to install and maintain flow devices compared to the high costs of preventative maintenance, road repairs and beaver population control activities, a compelling case can be made to install flow devices in freestanding dams near roads or to protect culverts that beavers could potentially plug. Nevertheless, a more prudent approach may be for transportation agencies to identify conflict sites and install flow devices at sites that have the largest impact on road maintenance and beaver management budgets.

Stephanie Boyle, Christopher Newport University, Virginia

Still, even without the mention of flow devices, this is a smart positive look at the animal. The author describes their advanced adaptions to aquatic life and is smart enough to put a photo of an actual beaver (not a nutria!) at the start. I especially liked this part:

Some targeted species, such as native willow, actually benefit from this trimming, which stimulates root growth and the spread of suckers.

Smart beaver writing from a region we often associate with beaver challenges, (and famously two cases of beaver rabies last year). I’m off to go thank her and make sure she has copies of Stephanie’s important research. Let’s get Virginia on up to the plateau, shall we?learning curve


no salmon
?

Put down that champagne and stop dancing. We’re not celebrating yet. Just because I posted a great article about beavers and trout yesterday, it doesn’t mean that our battle is won.

Recently, I spent a few minutes watching the salmon again but to my dismay there was a beaver dam limiting the travels of the spawning fish.

This is the first time I have ever seen a beaver in this stream in all my years.

Herein lies the problem.

 1) Fish can’t get up stream to lay their eggs

 2) Ecosystem is being thrown out of kilter and the fish are dying without laying their eggs as they have not reached their own place of birth.

 3) Trees are being destroyed.

 4)The water is expanding above the dam and flooding is starting to occur in the low-lying areas. Hidden Valley is a low-lying area already.

 5) What to do with the beaver? The more you destroy the dam the more trees the beaver will cut down to stop the water flow.

 6) The only way to ensure that the fish spawn where they were born themselves before dying, and to continue the fish run that has been going on for years and years, is to relocate the beaver.

 For those of you that have the power to make this happen, please do so and give more people a chance to experience this part of nature and the circle of life.

 Scott Bailey, Burlington

Don’t you just HATE it when beavers interfere with the circle of life? Enriching all those streams with sediment and organic material and distracting those hardworking salmon with something to eat on their way home? Of course  the temperature in Halton is 32 degrees today and partly cloudy so I’m guessing that those conditions are going to change very soon. Remember we used to have millions more beavers and coincidentally millions more salmon and trout.

Where was Mr. Bailey’s thoughtful plea then?

Why not remove the dam (and the beavers) so that those salmon can get home more easily? Well assuming they are going to manage with the first rainfall anyway, those little eggs need a safe place to grow up to healthy smolt. And when that stream freezes solid there won’t be a lot of deep pools for them to fatten up over the winter except those beaver ponds which you want folks to destroy. Here’s a graphic for you, Scott showing comparing the numbers of salmon in beaver ponds to the number of salmon in ponds restored with large woody debris (LWD). Notice anything?

smolt

Here endeth the lesson.

Now here’s some good cheer for a much needed change of pace:

Beaver Brand Hats closing after more than 150 years in business

You would hunt me for my pelt
Beaver fur was good for felt
Bye-bye, beaver.
 
There would be a trap for me
Prices dropped and now I’m free
Bye, bye, beaver
 
Waiting til the public doesn’t doubt me
Oh what lies they love to spread about me
Shut the door and close the store, all the creeks I will restore
Beaver, bye bye.
 


Lory's pictures1Beavers and trout

I recently watched an interesting show on CBC’s the Nature of Things about beavers and the important role they play in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems.

 Most people are familiar with beavers, and beaver dams. They are often a nuisance when they dam bridges and culverts and many anglers feel their dams also serve as a barrier to fish migration in small streams. This may be the case during low flows but usually in the fall, when fish are moving upstream to spawn, water flows are higher and most fish manage to get over or through them.

 Beaver dams actually benefit the environment by stabilizing stream flows, reducing silt and providing habitat for fish and other wildlife.  Beaver populations are currently high throughout Eastern Canada. This means we have a lot of beavers, and beaver dams. The small ponds created by beaver dams have always been one of my favourite areas to fish and I know many anglers who share my enjoyment of fishing them. While most do not produce large trout many of the ones I fish have good populations of pan-sized trout. Ponds created by the dams are often deep. This depth provides protection for fish as well as a refuge from warm stream temperatures. In my experience many of these ponds also tend to have good populations of aquatic insects and leeches, all great sources of food for fish.

Well looky looky looky at the good news from Canada! Jari Osborne’s documentary reaps another beaver benefit with this smart article aimed at wistful fisherman by Don Mclean for The News. The whole article sounds like a beaver ad campaign and you should definitely go read it all the way through. I can’t wait until we get the program on PBS and our own media has a little run of beaver gospel for the US. I thought the article needed a graphic so I snagged a cuttthroat photo from the internet and borrowed one of Ron Bruno’s alaska photos. Thanks guys!

If you are not familiar with beaver ponds in your area a chat with local trappers should point you in the right direction. If you haven’t fished beaver ponds give them a try next season, you won’t be disappointed.

Um, just a thought, if you want to fish an active beaver pond you might not ask a TRAPPER where one is. He’ll most likely point the way to a ghost town. Ask a beaver defender. There are more of us than you think.


Karl D. Malcolm, Ph.D.
Wilderness and Wild & Scenic Rivers
Southwest Regional Office
333 Broadway Boulevard Southeast
Albuquerque, NM 87102

Dr. Malcolm is the author behind this lovely finished tool for stream restoration that I have made available using the toolbar at the left. Go click through the finished document and read all about how beavers can improve streams. Now that our federal government is finally reopened he was able to send Rick the final copy yesterday. As I’ve said before, I’m particularly fond of page 8.

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